They are responsible for the computation and communication that the nervous system provides. The epidermis is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium mostly made out of keratinocytes. The ECM of nervous tissue is rich in ground substance, with little to no protein fibers. Work for the lab This website is a great way to view the tissues. The multipolar neurons in this area are known as "mossy cells" slide NP004N View Image and they primarily receive input from mossy fibers of the granule cells of the dentate gyrus and then relay those signals back to other cells in the dentate. the peripheral nerves and peripheral ganglia. Based on morphology, epithelial cells can be either squamous (flat), cuboid (cube) or columnar (rectangular). Neurons. The neuron shown is a multipolar neurons. In the hippocampus orientation Image, observe: In the dentate gyrus orientation Image, observe: The "hilus" is the region where the head of hippocampus abuts the dentate gyrus. 138, 7.18). Each one reaches out and surrounds an axon to insulate it in myelin. You should also identify the dorsal and ventral horns in slide 65-1N stained with Masson trichrome. The epidermis (epithelium) and dermis (connective tissue) compose the skin. The cells of Clarke's nucleus then relay this information via axonal projections that extend all the way up into the cerebellum (hence the reason why the cells are so large) where it is processed to allow for coordinated movement. Peripheral ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies surrounded by a dense connective tissue capsule. Both will appear grey to the naked eye and under the microscope, due to their lack of myelin. The cells here arepreganglionic sympathetic neurons whose axons terminate in either sympathetic chain ganglia or the "visceral" (or "pre-aortic") ganglia associated with the major branches of the abdominal aorta (e.g. Sertoli cells prevent the immune system from attacking and destroying the spermatozoa. Remember that the perikaryon is the metabolic support center for each neuron, so, therefore, motor neurons require much larger perikarya. Histology Complete and Basic Tissues. Whereas the manner in which either cell is associated with the axon segment, or segments, that it insulates is different, the means of myelinating an axon segment is mostly the same in the two situations. The dorsal nucleus of Clarke slide 066a View Image is in the dorsal horn and contains relatively large, multipolar neurons that receive proprioceptive information from dorsal root ganglion cells that are innervated by muscle spindles in the trunk and lower limb. Epithelial cells form two important histological structures within the brain; the blood-brain barrier and the choroid plexus. Figure 1 shows the relationship of these parts to one another. All cells contain cytoplasm, are surrounded by a membrane, and contain a variety of structures and organelles. The dendrites receive neural input from other neurons viasynapses (or they are specialized to receive sensory stimuli), and they transmit neural information toward the perikaryon (Law of Dynamic Polarization). system is called neurology. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a tuft of fenestrated capillaries which creates an ultrafiltrate of blood. The medial surface of the section is the posterior portion of the thalamus and a small portion of the cerebral peduncle. In the peripheral nervous system, the larger diameter axons are surrounded by a lipid-rich myelin sheath formed by the Schwann cells (Wheater's pg. Slide 13270 astrocytes, Gold-staining View Virtual Slide Go to a lighter stained area of the slide, which is in focus, and look for typical star-shaped cells, which represent astrocytes. Your donation will enable us to update all existingSecondLook resources and to transform them into completely free Progressive Web Applications (PWA), including theSecondLookHistology apps. Primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow and thymus) produce lymphocytes (B and T cells) while secondary lymphoid organs (diffuse lymphoid tissues, lymphatic nodules, lymph nodes and spleen) help to rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted material. Both neurons and glia have fine processes projecting from the cell body, which generally cannot be resolved in the light microscope without special staining techniques. A unity of tissues with a more complex set of functions, defined by the combination of structure and function of the comprising tissues. The choroid plexus is a specialized structure in the ventricles where ependymal cells come in contact with blood vessels and filter and absorb components of the blood to produce cerebrospinal fluid. Some ways in which they support neurons in the central nervous system are by maintaining the concentration of chemicals in the extracellular space, removing excess signaling molecules, reacting to tissue damage, and contributing to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These glial cells appear similar to epithelial cells, making a single layer of cells with little intracellular space and tight connections between adjacent cells. Each gap is called a node of Ranvier and is important to the way that electrical signals travel down the axon. Spermatozoa pass from the testis into the epithelial lined epididymis and ductus (vas) deferens via efferent ductules, then into the ejaculatory duct, which merges with the urethra. Since tissues are normally colourless, applying a dye to the tissue section allows the cells and their components to be seen under a microscope. Access to the supplemental resources for this session is password-protected and restricted to University of Michigan students. Bipolar cells are not very common. Very little can pass through by diffusion. Since tissues are relatively colorless, the magnifying properties of the optic microscope are not sufficient for proper visualization of a specimen; therefore staining techniques described above are coupled with optic microscopy. The dermis is a layer of connective tissue that contains collagen fibers, blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve endings. This is a tapering of the cell body toward the axon fiber. How. Nervous tissue contains two basic categories of cells: neurons and support cells (glia). Tissues join together in different arrangements to form our body organs. The projections connect at the dendrites and are so extensive that they give the microglial cell a fuzzy appearance. 1:00 - 1:50 Nervous Tissue ppt | pdf | lecture recording (for both hours) 2:05 - 2:55 Connective Tissue ppt | pdf. Chapter 1 The Cell Chapter 2 Epithelium Chapter 3 Connective Tissue Chapter 4 Muscle Chapter 5 Cartilage and Bone Chapter 6 Nervous Tissue Chapter 7 Peripheral Blood Chapter 8 Hematopoiesis Organ Systems These cells have a single, long, nerve tract entering the bottom of the cell body. Muscle tissue maintains synthesizing and contractile functions. It consists of neurons and supporting cells called neuroglia. Some neurons are named on the basis of those sorts of classifications (Figure 3). The epithelial lining of the uterine tube and uterus play important roles in the transportation and implantation of a fertilized ovum (zygote). Both respond immunologically to foreign material in the fluid passing through. Using the standard model of neurons, one of these processes is the axon, and the rest are dendrites. Slide of tissue is followed by slide of tissue with correct answer. Histology - Histology. They can be classified by many different criteria. Some of the proteins help to hold the layers of the glial cell membrane closely together.The appearance of the myelin sheath can be thought of as similar to the pastry wrapped around a hot dog. With one exception, neurons such as this (though not necessarily this large) are found in ALL areas of the nervous system. Tissue preparation, tissue staining, microscopy, hybridisation. All of these features give muscles the ability to contract and perform various functions, such as movement of the extremities (skeletal muscle), peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract (smooth muscle) and beating of the heart (cardiac muscle). The membrane wrapped around the fascicle is called an endoneurium and is made of the loose reticular connective tissue. On a longitudinal section, cardiomyocytes appear branched, joined together by specialized junctions called intercalated discs which allow them to quickly exchange electrical impulses and work as a syncytium. This traps and removes any inhaled dust, bacteria or foregn substances. It relays sensory input to cerebellar cortex. Muscle attaches to bone via tendons; bundles of dense regular connective tissue made out of many collagen type I fibers. Author: Below the dermis, a layer of subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is found. Because of this, only specific types of molecules can enter the CNS. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. 49 Motor nerve cell - Ventral Horn of Rabbit Spinal Cord, MultipolarMotor Neuron Cell BodyView Virtual EM Slide Motor Neuron Cell Body. - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 2727 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 14 Provided by: apbrwww5A Category: Tags: histology | nervous | tissue less The cells of the genital ducts and glands produce secretions to support this process. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. White matter consists of myelinated axons. Lastly, the specimen is stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. Recall thatSchwann cells are the glial cells responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system. They are organized into lobules, with each lobule containing a parenchyma of seminiferous tubules and a connective tissue stroma. Type II pneumocytes are also important because they secrete surfactant which prevents the lungs from collapsing. It consists of widely separated mesenchymal cells and ground substance with an abundance of hyaluronic acid. ("1" in the orientation figure) a polymorphic layer containing many nerve fibers and small cell bodies of interneurons, ("2" in the orientation figure) a middle pyramidal cell layer containing hippocampal pyramidal cells. Uploaded on Jun 06, 2013 Elina + Follow cuboidal epithelium water loss Test yourself on cardiac muscle tissue with the following quiz. For example, the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach fundus contains special parietal cells which secrete HCl to break down meat proteins. Other methods include histochemistry, immunocytochemistry, hybridization techniques, tissue culture and many others. Ppt #2. Neuroglia. First, their dendrites are receiving sensory information, sometimes directly from the stimulus itself. Tissues. The cerebellum consists of an outer cortex of grey matter covering an inner area of white matter, which itself surrounds a deeper layer of grey matter (called the cerebellar nuclei). Which are classified as grey matter? Thoroughly learn the parts of a cell using our diagrams and cell quizzes! Under light microscopy, skeletal and cardiac muscles appear striated due to the parallel arrangement of their contractile filaments into repeating units called sarcomeres. Histology. They have one axon and two or more dendrites (usually many more). Histology of Nervous Tissue Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell: neuron & neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of Expert Help The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. In these slides, dorsal happens to be "up," but you should be able to tell dorsal and ventral horns based on morphology and the cells present rather than the orientation. Because of the privileged blood supply inherent in the BBB, the extracellular space in nervous tissue does not easily exchange components with the blood. The respiratory system consists of the lungs and a series of passageways (nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea and bronchi) that connect alveoli to the external environment. Next, the tissue is embedded with paraffin wax, which firms the tissue enough permit thin slices. Slide NP004N hippocampal region, coronal section, luxol blue View Virtual SlideSlide 13270astrocytes,Gold-stainingView Virtual Slide. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. Ongoing research pursues an expanded role that glial cells might play in signaling, but neurons are still considered the basis of this function. dendritic) processes. Name the part of the central nervous system that isdisplayed in this tissue section. The white matter contains nerve fibers (axons) entering and exiting the gray matter, and traveling up and down the spinal cord, linking it to the brain. Many neurons in the spinal cord may appear shrunken and surrounded by an empty space due to poor fixation. Read more. Many axons are wrapped by an insulating substance called myelin, which is actually made from glial cells. Histology 5.ppt CT, Bone Histology 5 supplement.ppt : Histology 6.ppt Muscle: Histology Lab 4.doc Muscle and Start of Nervous Tissue: Histology 7.ppt M, Nervous: Histology Lab 5.doc Nervous (continued), Digestion Start: Histology 8.ppt Nervous : Histology 9.ppt : Histology 10.ppt Nervous: Histology11.ppt CNS, Digestion : Histology 12.ppt . Glial cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells and others, provide support, nourishment, myelination and protection to neurons. Epithelial tissue can cover external surfaces (skin), line the inside of hollow organs (intestines) or form glands. Astrocytes in the CNS provide metabolic support for neurons and play an important role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier (see slide 13270 astrocytes View Virtual Slide). Describe the organization and understand some of the basic functions of regions of the: Observe the 3-layered organization of the, Outer plexiform (molecular) layer: sparse neurons and glia, Outer granular layer: small pyramidal and stellate neurons, Outer pyramidal layer: moderate sized pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Inner granular layer: densely packed stellate neurons (usually the numerous processes arent visible, but there are lots of nuclei reflecting the cell density), Ganglionic orinner pyramidal layer: large pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Multiform cell layer: mixture of small pyramidal and stellate neurons. The ependymal cell is a glial cell that filters blood to make cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the fluid that circulates through the CNS. ("3" in the orientation figure) a molecular layer containing dendrites of the pyramidal cells. Nervous tissue consists of two cells: nerve cells or neurons and glial cells, which helps transmit nerve impulses and also provides nutrients to neurons. Table 2 outlines some common characteristics and functions. There are many neurons in the nervous systema number in the trillions. Slide NP004N hippocampal region coronal section luxol blue View Virtual Slide [orientation]. They are responsible for the computation and . DNA is condensed and coiled up into chromosomes. Nervous tissue. If you are a University of Michigan student enrolled in a histology course at the University of Michigan, please click on the following link and use your Kerberos-password for access to download lecture handouts and the other resources. Skin glands include sweat glands (apocrine and eccrine) and sebaceous holocrine glands, both are important in regulating body temperature. The nasal cavity contains specialized olfactory epithelium, providing the sense of smell. Depending on the number of layers, epithelial tissue is classified into simple (single layered) or stratified (multi-layered). When responding to a foreign threat, immune system cells can activate non-specific inflammation or progress to a specific immune response. Oligodendrocytes (another type of glial cell) are responsible for the myelination of CNS axons. Ross, H. M, Pawlina, W. (2011). Pulmonary capillaries come into close contact with the alveoli, forming the blood-air barrier. Those processes extend to interact with neurons, blood vessels, or the connective tissue covering the CNS that is called the pia mater (Figure 4). Afferent nerves carry information from sensory organs to the brain, while efferent nerves carry motor impulses from the brain to the muscles.Taking location into account, the nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Histology is the science of the microscopic structure of cells, tissues and organs. Click on the tissue and observe. The lighter-colored layers on both sides of the axon are myelin. The tissue is sectioned thinly enough so that light can pass through it. Review the organization of the spinal cord using your atlas. Mescher, A. L. (2013). The entirety of the lungs is externally lined by pleura, a thin epithelial layer made of squamous cells with a thin underlying layer of connective tissue.Learn more about the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. Then, get ready to test your knowledge! Young, B., Woodford, P., ODowd, G., & Wheater, P. R. (2014). Histology (Tissues). They are responsible for the electrical signals that communicate information about sensations, and that produce movements in response to those stimuli, along with inducing thought processes within the brain. The lipids are essentially the phospholipids of the glial cell membrane. Figure 1, Figure 4, and Figure 5 show the myelin sheath surrounding an axon segment, but are not to scale. Everything absorbed through the alimentary tract passes through the special discontinued capillaries of the liver before going anywhere else. During development, the glial cell is loosely or incompletely wrapped around the axon (Figure 6). Let histology be a piece of cake once you learn how to examine a histology slide! Use the virtual slide of the hippocampal region to study the ependymal cell lining of the choroid plexus. Typically one or more sulci (infoldings) will extend inward from one edge of the section. It houses information about each and every structure and process of the cell and organism, in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Because information flows through the neuron from dendrites or cell bodies toward the axon, these names are based on the neurons polarity (Figure 2). Muscle cells have a specialized type of smooth endoplasmic reticulum called sarcoplasmic reticulum, which stores calcium ions. Register now As the name implies, the cell body is shaped somewhat like a pyramid, with a large, branching dendrite extending from the apex of the pyramid toward the cortical surface, and with an axon extending downward from the base of the pyramid. Basic nervous tissue staining mechanisms and classification of nervous tissue elements will be discussed. The study of. Review the organization of gray and white matter in cerebral cortex vs. spinal cord. With the exception of the unipolar sensory ganglion cells, and the two specific bipolar cells mentioned above, all other neurons are multipolar. The delicate meshwork of dendritic processes and nerve fibers (axons) lying between cells in the gray matter is called the neuropil. In this electron micrograph, note some of the features you saw in ventral horn motor neurons with the light microscope, such as the large, pale nucleus, prominent nucleolus, Nissl bodies, dendrites and axon. celiac, aorticorenal, and superior/inferior mesenteric ganglia). In addition to the dorsal and ventral horns, two structures especially obvious in the thoracic cord are the dorsal nucleus of Clarke and the lateral extension of the ventral horn. A third type of connective tissue is embryonic (fetal) tissue, this is a type of primitive tissue present in the embryo and umbilical cord. Four of them are found in the CNS and two are found in the PNS. The primary purpose of this article is to evaluate the histology of peripheral nervous tissue. Examine the boundary between molecular and granule cell layers. Information flows through a neuron from the dendrites, across the cell body, and down the axon. Within the axon hillock, the cytoplasm changes to a solution of limited components called axoplasm. Nutrient molecules, such as glucose or amino acids, can pass through the BBB, but other molecules cannot. Examine the gray matter on each side of the sulcus using first low and then high power. The four main types of stains used in histology are empirical, histochemical, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical. The organization and morphology of the cells shown is found ONLY in the ventral spinal cord. Some sources describe a fourth type of neuron, called an anaxonic neuron. Histology Study of Tissues Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Nervous and Muscular Tissue Intercellular Junctions, Glands and Membranes Tissue Growth, Development . 1:00 - 2:55 Cartilage and Bone ppt | pdf | lecture recording. As a muscle contracts, its tendon transmits the force to the bone, pulling on it and causing movement in the associated synovial joint. Name this exception. White mater 4. The dendrites are projections that branch many times, forming small, tree-shaped structures protruding from the cell body that provide locations for other neurons to communicate with the cell body. You may see small calcific bodies in part of the hippocampus, which occur as a normal part of the aging process. Histology: An overview: want to learn more about it? Most substances that cross the wall of a blood vessel into the CNS must do so through an active transport process. Wheater's Nervous tissues and Central nervous system, Ross and Pawlina (6th ed), Chapter 12 Nerve Tissue, Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a, Michigan Histology and Virtual Microscopy Learning Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License.