Descriptive Representation, Legislative Leadership, and Direct - JSTOR (1995). Black faces, black interests: The representation of African-Americans in congress. 1992 also saw the rise of an increased participation of women in Congress, particularly Democratic women, and this number has increased steadily over the years. Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways: Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. 9 Advantages of Bar Graph - Free Geography Notes Descriptive research is a process of systematically describing and analyzing something's features, properties or characteristics. New York: Free Press. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a Applicable. 1938). 3. This essay will proceed as follows. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons - Verint (2004). Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. Growing up, racial profiling was never a big deal to me or my family. There are many time restrictions that are placed on research methods. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. What is a Descriptive Representative? | PS: Political Science In this way, it couldn't just be that distinctive individuals lived in the high-wrongdoing territories than in the low-wrongdoing zones. Towards a European union gender equality index. In addition, the attempts to form race-based alliances have had very little success amongst minority groups as racial similarities are not significant enough to unify different minority groups. . Making your pros and cons list objectively can help weigh each pro and con against the others. Descriptive statistics for the importance of the pros and cons Tables can be useful if trying to. Proportional representation is a complicated form of election. Descriptive Research | A Systematic Search Method If you are doing a comparison between two products, you might give one product an unfair advantage to get the desired results. It may not be until one is pursing their final years of high school, or perhaps even in college when they are aware of Americas history of possessing a highly restrictive political system. Something about the areas needed to clarify the distinctions. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. This allows more people to benefit from the decisions the government makes when compared with other types of ruling structures. Ironic to think that is how one is taught to act but stereotypes are now bigger than ever right? Register or login to make commenting easier. It might be helpful to take a longer-term perspective here: rather than focusing on the absence of particular (small) groups in society in any given legislature, focus on persistent exclusion over several legislatures. In her successful 1970 congressional campaign, Bella Abzug (b) declared, This womans place is in the House the House of Representatives!. Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. Quota problems: Combating the dangers of essentialism. Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Princeton: Princeton University Press. However, what good representation should be is debated. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. A major reason is that until well into the twentieth century, white men of European background constituted an overwhelming majority of the voting population. While Congress is dominantly a male, white institution, the creation of majority-minority districts in the early 1990s resulted in the election of African-Americans and Hispanics to Congress. blurted this. Holst, C. (2014). Though as they showed that areas with high crime rates were high regardless of ethnic group. 17 Advantages and Disadvantages of Experimental Research - ConnectUS Secondly, response rate is low in this research. Reliance on analytical thinki ng. The Great Compromise And The Basics Of Bicameralism, Senate Representation And House Apportionment, Summary of the Institutional Design of Congress, Types Of Representation: Looking Out For Constituents, Collective Representation And Congressional Approval, Summary of House and Senate Organizations, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play, https://cnx.org/contents/W8wOWXNF@12.1:Y1CfqFju@5/Preface, https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/. Minorities can be said to place themselves at a disadvantage because of their vulnerability and stubborn inability to, The fact that the social disorganization theory is pretty much you will that one one individual is influence of the people around him if he is in a neighbor hood known of robberies then the individual is more than likely going to be doing robberies. 26 ubat 2021 Kategorilendirilmemi 0 Kategorilendirilmemi 0 Companies use descriptive research analysis, but it has both advantages and disadvantages. Quantitative Methodology. (1993) have developed a system consisting of a propositional and depictorial partonomy (organization of parts) for reasoning, where the depictorial partonomy reflects the hierarchy proposed in representations for visual processes. The institutional basis of democratic accountability. However, its not unheard of for it to happen when two buyers are using the same agent. Because of such instances, today, many political representatives attempt to practice descriptive representation which promotes racial unity. Being a high school student I never payed much attention to anything outside of sports, academics and what crazy adventure me and my friends would be sucked into the upcoming weekend. How Gender Composition and Decision Rules Affect Deliberation Tali Mendelberg Princeton University Christopher F. Karpowitz Brigham Young University Nicholas Goedert Washington University in St. Louis Does low descriptive representation inhibit substantive representation for women in deliberating groups? (Eds. 3. Lovenduski, J. In N. Fraser & A. Honneth (Eds. The documentary forces us to, The United States is the most racially diverse nation in the world. For example, if you are a representative for an ad agency, you may conduct research to find out consumer opinion on a certain product. Enter your library card number to sign in. Phillips, A. You can get a decent soundbar at $200-300. Bigger or more populous countries, especially those that have many provinces or states and a diverse society need people to be represented adequately at all levels of governance. Pros and Cons of different Prescriptive Analytics technologies | by AlainChabrier | IBM Data Science in Practice | Medium Write Sign up Sign In 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our. Sawer, M. (2002). Qualitative Research Pros & Cons . Legal harmonization and intersectionality in Swedish and Norwegian anti-discrimination reform. An example of descriptive statistics would be finding a pattern that comes from the data you've taken. doughty funeral home exmore, virginia obituaries, Woocommerce Remove Product Attribute Programmatically, radisson blu resort residences punta cana, largest man made lake in the world by surface area, is rosemary oil safe for color treated hair, tarrant county democratic party precinct chairs. The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). Women in Parliaments: Descriptive and Substantive Representation The concept of representation. Discrimination has not fallen short in any way and continues to build barriers for many people of color. Even though the movie broke some barriers, Disney and other film companies still have more progress to make to adequately represent their viewers. One of the critical factors in understanding why a few blocks are preferable at controlling wrongdoing over others needs to do with open communities connections among individuals in the area. However, in substantive representation, it is not necessary for the representative to have a similar background or shared characteristics with the people he represents. Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). For example, raw numbers may show that people are more prone to a specific behavior, but an interview will explain why this behavior is occurring. Cons are arguments against it. Given Australia's ethnic diversity, it is agreed by most political and sociological scholars that such diversity is lacking in Australian legislative bodies.1 A point of contention lies in whether MEM representatives are able to actually implement legislation that will represent the views of minorities in their electorate (substantive representation) or whether the number of MEM representatives in legislative bodies is sufficient for representation (descriptive representation).2 In this essay, after discussing the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation, I will argue that both theories are linked because elected minority representatives are often best equipped at dealing with the issues of minorities and that MEM representatives have a positive impact on voters. Young, I. M. (1990). List of Pros of Bicameral Legislature. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Gendered Citizenship and the Politics of Representation pp 87110Cite as, Part of the Citizenship, Gender and Diversity book series (FEMCIT). Inspection; Surface Mount; Test; Through-Hole; Menu Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. Minorities have endured many forms of social injustices. Weak coalition government: Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. The procedures involved with experimental research make it possible to isolate specific variables within virtually any topic. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Once you have this descriptive research, you can use it to focus your next ad campaign to the right clientele. There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in legislatures. In J. Klausen & C. Maier (Eds. Representing consumer institutions: The case of American health planning. Does the representative look like, have common interests with, or share certain experiences with the represented? Collecting the data from different different organizations in the specific forms of data collection. The results apply to various other topics and departments, too. . Companies can collect data first-hand based on stats and unbiased information. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons. PDF Does Descriptive Representation Facilitate Women's Distinctive Voice Descriptive Vs Inferential Statistics: Which Is Better & Why (pp. (1993). Lovenduski, J. Rational deliberation among experts and citizens. List of the Cons of Proportional Representation 1. What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Organizing Data With These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. You do not currently have access to this chapter. Mellom fag og feminisme: Kvinneforskning i statsvitenskap. MMP will give voters more power in their decisions as well as create the kind of democratic government Canada is in dire need of. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. New York: Verso. These questions are all the more important given that Latinos are the single largest minority group in the country and growing at exponential rates. While descriptive statistics describe data, inferential statistics allows you to make predictions from data. In J. Parkinson & J. Mansbridge (Eds. (2012). At one time, there was relatively little concern about descriptive representation in Congress. Stella M. Rouse is assistant professor of government and politics at University of MarylandCollege Park. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of descriptive research. 5 No. Here are the major reasons for using graphics to highlight the pros & cons: Show the pluses and minuses of specific options. Marion Maddox, Kais Al-momani, Niki N. N. Dados, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Leda Sutlovic, Toma Deelan, Danica Fink-Hafner, Jasminka Pesut, Centre for Peace and Social Justice Papers, The Institutional and Demographic Determinants of Latino Representation in State Legislatures, Legislative Oversight and the Substantive Representation of Black and Latino Interests in Congress, Women's Legislative Representation and Gender Equality: What Works in the Absence of a'Critical Mass', Quota Laws, Representation of Women and the Role of Civil Society Organizations, The Social and Political Forces Shaping Legislator-Constituent Relations: Expanding an Empirical Theory of Representation, Political Participation of Muslims in Australia, Citizen Panels and the Concept of Representation. View all access and purchase options for this article. Pros. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. Reading a hundred pages may not give any scope to make a decision. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Affordable. Mansbridge, J. A complete Idea: Such representation creates a clear and complete idea in the mind of the audience. Women in parliaments: Descriptive and substantive representation. Christiano, T. (2012). (1998). Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. Second, this same information reveals to us when somebody is strange, or something improper is going on. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. Waterfall model is the very first model that is used in SDLC. 518). The Politics of Local Presence: Is there a Case for Descriptive Representation? Using an analytical tool such as a pros-and-cons list emphasizes the objective, "just the facts" side of decision making. In S. Besson & J. S. Mart (Eds. Olsen, J. P. (2013). It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. While women and minorities remain underrepresented in Congress, some individual legislators have achieved seniority and enough political clout necessary to move into leadership positions. (2005a). The pros: Its the best way to collect data without bias. However, they also have some cons, such as low sound quality and low battery life. NORA Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 8(2), 6377. Oxford: Oxford University Press. For example, you work for a television station and want to understand your viewers better. Descriptive studies include case reports, case-series, qualitative studies and surveys (cross-sectional) studies, which measure the frequency of several factors, and hence the size of the problem. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Mink had been interested in fighting discrimination in education since her youth, when she opposed racial segregation in campus housing while a student at the University of Nebraska. Related; Information; Close Figure Viewer. Democratic legitimacy. It helps by saving time and money while collecting data. My examination of hearing transcripts from the 107th Congress indicates that minority legislators are more likely than white legislators to participate in racial-oversight hearings but not more likely than whites to participate in social welfare hearings. PR potentially offers greater and more-representative choice for voters. PDF Constituents' Responses to Descriptive and Substantive Representation The flexibility of purposive sampling allows researchers to . Pros. A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. State feminism and political representation. Saskatchewan Schools; Research Methods in Psychology; Dr. Mark Burgess and Dr. Stephen Kemp. Politics & Gender, 1(4), 622637. Methodological essentialism, false difference, and other dangerous traps. https://cnx.org/contents/W8wOWXNF@12.1:Y1CfqFju@5/Preface, CC BY. Citizenship, Gender and Diversity. Substantive and Descriptive Representation in Swiss Cantons What are the advantages and disadvantages of the the different types of How Do Parliamentarians Define Descriptive Representation? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pages 491-507. descriptive representation is the extent to which a representative or legislative body resembles a given constituent and her social or demographic identities. Toggle navigation. One of the benefits of descriptive representation is that the MEM representatives ethnicity and certain ethnic features of that representatives ethnicity can make MEM voters feel empowered.7 Such features can include physical appearance like skin colour and hair type. During this time more than ever, African Americans are able to speak on subjects that can affect us in the future. to the people they represent. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. October 2004. Oxford: Polity Press. Firms, boards and gender quotas: Comparative perspectives. . Diagnostic analytics gives the reason why something happened. The predominant theory that descriptive representation improves a constituent's relationship with the state (Mansbridge 1999) has led to the study of how sharing a salient identity with one's representative positively affects attitudes toward government.In particular, political science has examined the effect of descriptive representation on political efficacy, a measure of trust and sense . Though the theory was that crime was around certain citys and remained stable within certain areas despite changes in the populations where certain people lived in the community. For example, although more than half the U.S. population is female, only 20 percent of Congress is. Descriptive representation is the idea that political institutions should reflect the social composition of populations as they are.5 In descriptive representation, representatives not only have visible characteristics (such as ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation) that are common to their constituents but also have shared experiences such as Showing Comparison with Pros and Cons PowerPoint Diagrams document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Top Advantages & Disadvantages of Reservation System in India Aldershot: Ashgate. Gender and discourse. Gender representation and quotas. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. Mutfak Gnlkleri Sibel'in Mutfa Ana Sayfa; Hakkmda; Bana Ulan; descriptive representation pros and cons. It is an Efficient Form of Government. For example, if you are assembling a questionnaire, you might load the questions to direct the reader to answer a certain way. The Legitimacy of Representation: How Descriptive, Formal, and As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. Her work has appeared on various digital properties, including USAToday.com. Because it relies on such a range of different methods, it is considered a holistic approach to a subject. Pros of Representative Democracy. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Between facts and norms. 2. 4. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. Sociologist. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. 1. so that you can track your progress. 2. Signs, 19(3), 713738. In K. Ross (Ed. Ideally, governmental policies aim to defend citizens of a specific territory by setting laws that promote and implement egalitarianism. Grofman, B. Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. Often times in American history, unselected natural characteristics such as race and ethnicity have served as keen factors permitting unequal treatment of individuals and at creating barriers placing minority groups at a disadvantage when attempting to practice influence over the government. Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. Explaining Ethnic Minority Preferences in Bulgarian Elections, Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests, Politics at the Intersection: A Cross-National Analysis of Minority Women's Legislative Representation, Electoral Systems and Citizen-Elite Ideological Congruence, Womens Representation via Parliamentary Questions (with Sven Schiltz), Regendering party politics: An introduction, Religious Identity and Descriptive Representation, THE STATE OF DEMOCRACY AND REPRESENTATION IN AUSTRALIA, Voting Locally Abstaining Nationally: Descriptive Representation, Substantive Representation and Minority Voters Turnout, Activating Human Rights and Peace: Universal Responsibility Conference 2008 Conference Proceedings, Personal Attributes and Latino Voting Behavior in Congress, Between Science and Engineering: Reflections on the APSA Presidential Task Force on Political Science, Electoral Rules, and Democratic Governance. Advantages of Descriptive Research. Barry, B. Firstly, I will discuss the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation for MEM groups. Conservatives and right-wing liberals have traditionally opposed it, while left-wing political parties and social movements often regard quotas for marginalized groups as decisive progressive measures in struggles for democracy and justice. Market Research World: What are The Pros and Cons of Data Collection Methods? Hollis earned a degree in English Literature from the University of Florida. Compare the gains and losses of a proposal in the decision-making process. Rawls, J. Strengths & Weaknesses of Descriptive Research - Synonym Implicit Standards for Evaluating Representatives . Founding members of the CBC include John Conyers (D-MI), currently the longest-serving member of the House of Representatives, Charles Rangel (D-NY), and Shirley Chisholm, a founder of the NWPC and the first African American woman to be elected to the House of Representatives. Struggles to expand the breadth of political and civil rights in the United States have been critical to fostering greater inclusion and equality for racial/ethnic minorities in America. 14 Crucial Pros and Cons of Representative Democracy Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 21(2). We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. When it comes to confidentiality, some respondents won't give answers to questionnaires and interviews. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Liza Hollis has been writing for print and online publications since 2003. The 113th Congress, has twenty-eight Hispanic U.S. 38 E Locust St, Mechanicsburg, Pa, (2005). 12 Proportional Representation Pros and Cons - Vittana.org Fraser, N. (2013). They may sometimes also include analytic work (comparing factors "" see below). Typically, multiple representation involves the buyer and seller. Mansbridge, J. There are a few different ways to look at this by taking a look at different minority groups and examining their struggles. Mart, J. L. (2006). The family has visited numerous places throughout the United States, however, none are as memorable as Atlanta, Georgia. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Prescriptive analytics offers decision support for the best course of action to get desired results. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Fortunes of feminism. Racial profiling and stereotyping are just two forms in which minorities have been facing for years. Weak coalition government:Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. Descriptive Representation : Brief Description. Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. Democracy With Adequate Representation. European Sociological Review, 20(1), 111. It occurs when two or more parties are represented by the same real estate brokerage. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative Relatable. A software life cycle model is a descriptive representation of the software development cycle. In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance of descriptive representation or shared identity and perceived shared experience for racial and ethnic minorities is well documented. The Limits of Descriptive Representation Current Affairs You can download the paper by clicking the button above. I argue that race and ethnicity matter in congressional oversight of bureaucratic policymaking. Emerald: Bingley. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Descriptive representation A belief that constituents are more effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in such key demographic characteristics as race, gender, ethnicity, or religion Racial gerrymandering The drawing of a legislative district to maximize th chance that a minority candidate will win the election Veto therefore, it is used by various industries Plantenga, J., Remery, C., Figueiredo, H., & Smith, M. (2009). [Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero Or at least, that's one theory. Young, I. M. (1994). Difference Between Descriptive and Substantive Representation London: Sage. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Confidentiality is the primary weakness of descriptive research. Clem Morfuni Companies House, 914, Excellenica, Lodha Supremus-2, The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools Ethnic Heterogeneity Ethnic Heterogeneity also known as ethnic diversity is another variable associated with social disorganization theory that I consider to be one of the. (2005b). Descriptive Representation In Congress | American Congress

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