Clement. There were 12 men chosen to be disciples of Jesus Christ. 1. Even if this guy gets over the fact that I'm a tax collector, how could he ever be interested in me? Another option is that Papias was referring to a lost source. As Jesus was having a meal in Levi's home, many tax collectors and sinners were eating with Jesus and his disciples . It was to that man, the most despised of the despicable, to whom Jesus said, "Follow Me!" [5] Mounce, Matthew, 83; France, Evangelist and Teacher, 69, 69n.54; Morris, Matthew, 219; Robert H. Gundry, Matthew: A Commentary on his Handbook for a Mixed Church Under Persecution, 2nd ed. Omissions? Many think that just as Simon was named Peter (the rock) by the Lord, Levi was likewise renamed Matthew (the gift of God) by Jesus. The Patristic Traditions about the Evangelist Matthew. 3.24.6; Origen, in h.e. Early Christian CommunionWine or Mingled Wine? Harris J. Rendel, The Logia and the Gospels, For lexical discussion and debate about the term. The Western reading attested in Codex Bezae that switched Thaddaeus with Lebbaeus, the Latinized form of Levi, in the list of the twelve apostles in Mark 3:18, influenced the textual transmission of Matthew 10:3. "Follow me," he said to him. Wilson (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1991), 138; A. F. J. Klijn, Jewish-Christian Gospel Tradition (Leiden: Brill, 1992), 11, 119, 138; Hans Josef Klauck, Apocryphal Gospels: An Introduction, trans. The fact that three of the four Gospels recount the calling by Jesus of the tax collector Levi is important. 7.2627; 14.5960). H. Gundry, 291. Sextus Julius AfricanusWhy Did The Magi Come ? [19] Josef Krzinger, Papias von Hierapolis und die Evangelien die Neuen Testaments (Regensberg: Pustet, 1983), 10-11, 4445; Gundry, Matthew, 614; idem, The Apostolically Johannine Pre-Papian Tradition Concerning the Gospels of Mark and Matthew, in The Old is Better: New Testament Essays in Support of Traditional Interpretations, WUNT 178 (Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2005), 56; cf. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Matthew - New Advent Who Wrote the Gospels, and How Do We Know for Sure? - Zondervan Academic There were only 8 people in Noahs Ark. Matthew's shocked facial expression shows that he understands this societal dynamic well, but his look and gesture may indicate even more than that. [8] See Barnabas Lindars, Matthew, Levi, Lebbaeus and the Value of the Western TextNTS 4 (1957-58): 220-22; Bruce Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, 3rd ed., (London: New York, 1975), 26, 81; Brent Nongbri, Matthew and Levi (and James), Variant Readings (blog), May 21, 2018, https://brentnongbri.com/2018/05/21/matthew-and-levi-and-james/. It is not surprising he watched Jesus carefully and wrote down the first of the four Gospels, the biographies of Jesus of Nazareth. Many commentators compare Matthews two names with other first-century Jews who had a Greek or Latin cognomen. Epiphanius added to the confusion when he imagined that the Gospel that he managed to get a hold of, which skips over the virgin birth and commences at Jesuss baptism (Pan. Because Matthews original purpose was to prove to his Jewish brethren that Jesus is their Mashiach/Messiah, he included in his Gospel nine proof texts from the Old Testament which Jesus fulfilledMatthew 1:22,23; 2:15; 2:17,18; 2:23; 4:14-16; 8:17; 12:17-21; 13:35; 27:9,10. Likewise, Jerome prematurely announced that he had finished his translations of the Old and New Testaments when he just started the task (Vir. News of his preaching and healing ministry was spreading far and wide. h.e. Matthew is spoken of five times in the New Testament; first in Matt., ix, 9, when called by Jesus to follow Him, and then four times in the list of the Apostles, where he is mentioned in the seventh (Luke, vi, 15, and Mark, iii, 18), and again in the eighth place (Matt., x, 3, and Acts, i, 13). A minority view during the Patristic period was that Levi and Matthew were separate individuals. On the other hand, the oldest quotations from the Gospel according to the Hebrews were not attributed to a named author (e.g., Clement, str. Matthews relics were reputedly discovered in Salerno (Italy) in 1080. Meier, The Vision of Matthew, 24; Luz, Matthew 820, 32, 32n.14. Teilband 1, ed. Chapter 16: The Chosen Twelve - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter How Did Jesus Spend the Last Week of His Life? Why does St. Matthew have two names in the Bible? - Aleteia Saint Matthew made a very small decision at the time that ended up not only affecting his life, and the people of his time, but he made a choice that affected all of mankind in the future as well. The Identification of the Toll Collector as Matthew. ill. The other Eleven were ordinary men. Jesus sees value in all people. ill. 3). PDF Sermon # 9 Matthew The Tax Collector Luke 5:27-32 - Clover Sites He was a tax collector who was sitting at his booth. Saint Matthew's decision lives on into eternity and benefited not millions . Christian missionaries have taught people in Papua, New Guinea who had many gods before their conversion to recite the Hebrew Shema announcing only ONE GOD. 1.7; Irenaeus, haer. The meaning in Hebrew of the word day always means a 24 hour period of time. 5. This is very possible, as scholars point to Simon (Peter) and Saul. Jesus did not call us because of our righteousness or gifting. On the other hand, after scrutinizing the onomastic data compiled by Tal Ilan. Beth: And it's in a chapel with two other paintings by Caravaggio all about Matthew. Hence, Mark listened to Peters, That is, they surmise that Matthew applied Jewish exegetical techniques and forms of argumentation to the material at his disposal to shape it into a cogent presentation about how Jesus fulfilled the Scriptures. After all, a toll collector may have at least needed functional literacy to perform certain tasks. Phil. [17] Additionally, specialists on the Synoptic Problem generally hold that Matthews Gospel reproduced over 90 percent of Marks content, improved Marks grammar and style, and edited out Marks transliterated Aramaic terms. After Jesus grants Peter the keys to the kingdom (see below), Jesus explains . Krzinger and Gundry insist that dialektos would be preceded by an article if a language was intended (cf. We soon discover the difference between the man and the rock. They were dishonest and were also seen as. [Matthew 9:9-13, Luke 5:27-32] 13 Jesus went to the seashore again where large crowds came to him, . It's unclear why Matthew/Levi was called by both names. Mark 2:15 While Jesus was dining at Levi's house, many tax collectors Matthew, of course. Nevertheless, it is conceivable that the two verses in Matthew 9:9 and 10:3 were the basis for why this Gospel was later ascribed to Matthew. Supported by: I. Was the Gospel of Matthew written by Levi aka Matthew in Hebrew, Aramaic or Greek? [9] Lindars, Western Text,222; cf. [16] At first sight, this description seems like a poor match for the extant text entitled the Gospel according to Matthew, for it does not look like a translation of an Aramaic precursor. See Krtner, Papias, 2045; Bart D. Ehrman, Jesus and the Adulteress NTS 34 (1988): 2444, 29; Philipp Vielhauer and Georg Strecker, Jewish Christian Gospels, in New Testament Apocrypha I: Gospels and Related Writings, ed. ill. 3) and, after comparing it to the textual fragments that he received from Jewish Christ-followers living in Beroea known as the Nazarenes, would translate the entire work. 29-30) St. Matthew the Apostle He Left His Post to Follow Jesus - NCR 29.9.4; 30.3.7; 30.13.2; 30.14.3) and Jerome (Epist. As Brent Cunningham expressed it the changing of the names represented Jesus' ownership of them. [5] On the other hand, after scrutinizing the onomastic data compiled by Tal Ilan,[6] Richard Bauckham makes it clear why these examples may be irrelevant to this case: "[I]f Matthew and Levi were the same person, we should be confronted with the virtually unparalleled phenomenon of a Palestinian Jew bearing two common Semitic personal names (Matthew: ninth most popular, 62 occurrences; Levi: seventeenth most popular, 25 occurrences). Why Do Jesus' Middle Eastern Apostles Have Common English Names? Mark 3:18). [1] Despite the pain and agony of the cross, Jesus chose to die for the sins of the world because He loves us. Matthew 9:9-13 begins with Jesus calling Matthew, a tax collector, to follow Him as His disciple. Jesus sent out 70 Disciples to preach His Good News. This creates space between Peter and the church's rock. Curiously, Origen answered the philosopher Celsus's criticism that Jesus assembled a motley crew of "toll collectors and sailors" by stressing that Matthew was the sole toll collector within the apostolic circle and that Levi was not numbered among the twelve apostles except for in select manuscripts of Mark's Gospel (Cels. But lets hear Matthews own account of his calling: As Jesus went on from there, he saw a man named Matthew sitting at the tax collectors booth. James E. Crouch; Hermeneia (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001), 32n.12; Ian Boxall, Matthew through the Centuries (Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2019), 31, 172. Acts 7:38; Rom 3:2; Heb 5:12; 1 Pet 4:11;1 Clem. [14] Nevertheless, it is conceivable that the two verses in Matthew 9:9 and 10:3 were the basis for why this Gospel was later ascribed to Matthew. Dr. Beth Harris: In the Contarelli Chapel. Numerous textual indications point to an author who was a Jewish Christian writing for Christians of similar background. 3.11.7), which is hard to reconcile with the Ebionitess denial of the virginal conception of Jesus (1.26.2; 3.21.1; 5.1.3; contra Matt 1:23). How Jesus became white and why it's time to cancel that Wright --University of Arizona, Center for Judaic Studies Jesus was becoming popular. ill. 16; Is. So it is more than probable that Matthew or someone else translated Matthews biography of Christ into Greek in order to spread the Good News beyond the Jews. However, most scholars think that the tax collector Levi (not Zacchaeus) and Matthew were the same person based on these three verses: - Matthew 9:9 - "And as Jesus passed on from there, He saw a man, called Matthew, sitting in the tax office; and He *said to . 6.25.4; Epiphanius, Pan. Could Ancient Sparta Defeat Ancient Rome? The meaning in Hebrew of the word day always means a 24 hour period of time. [2] For some examples, see Robert Gundry, The Use of the Old Testament in St. Matthews Gospel: With Special Reference to the Messianic Hope(Leiden: Brill, 1975), 183; David Hill, The Gospel of Matthew (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1972), 1; R. T. France, Matthew: Evangelist and Teacher (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1989), 6768; Leon Morris, The Gospel according to Matthew (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1992), 14; Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 113 (Dallas: Word, 1993), lxxvi; D. A. Carson, Matthew: Chapters 1 through 12 (EBC; Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995), 1819; Grant R. Osbourne, Matthew, ECNT (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2010), 34; B. 3.25.5; cf. There must have been at least 15-20 people eating in Levis spacious home. He is mentioned in Matthew 9:9. Because of that, Levi later threw a party at his house and invited his sinner friends to meet Jesus. Zavada, Jack. [37], The final option is that a non-extant Jewish Gospel stands behind Papiass reference to Matthews oracles or, at least, the New Testament Gospel that bears the name Matthew was mixed up with a Jewish Gospel circulating in Papiass milieu. 4.9). He was one of the earlier followers of Jesus Christ. Follow me, he told him, and Matthew got up and followed him. Luke, also, describes his calling: After this, Jesus went out and saw a tax collector by the name of Levi sitting at his tax booth. Klijn (Gospel Tradition, 11, 119) and Frey (Die Fragmente des Hebrerevangeliums, 606) treat Eusebiuss attribution of this tale to the Gospel According to the Hebrews as spurious since Eusebius may have had no firsthand knowledge of the text. Th. Change the way you think and act, and believe (trust in, rely on, and adhere to) this Good News. CHICAGO (RNS) The first time the Rev. Band: Evangelien und Verwandtes. [45] Luomanen, Jewish-Christian Sects, 100101; Kok, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 41; Gregory, Gospel according to the Hebrews, 47, 47n.28. Assuming that the identification of Matthew with Levi is correct, Matthew (probably meaning Yahwehs Gift) would appear to be the Christian name of Levi (called by Mark Levi the son of Alphaeus), who had been employed as a tax collector in the service of Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee. However, Bacons hypothesis depends on his suppositions that the source of Matthew 10:24 was not simply Mark 3:1619 and that the author of Matthews Gospel did not just alter Marks order by moving Thomas before Matthew. Vielhauer and Strecker, Jewish Christian Gospels, 167; Klijn. [20], Krzinger and Gundry re-read the Papian fragment through the lens of rhetorical categories. He was thirty-one years old and married and had four children. Slaves Were Lifeless Tools in the Ancient World, Meaning of Names, Places & Things in the Bible, Gardens and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, The Roman Phalanx & Hannibals Pincer Movement. Tax collectors were not very respected people in Jesus' time because many of them stole from the people. He invited his friends to a feast, where they could meet Jesus. Jesus casually says to Levi the tax collector,follow me and Levi got up and followed him. Just like that. Mark 2:1, 1314). T/F, 5. Matthew or Levi? Which was the name of the taxman | carm.org The next disciple that Jesus called was Levi (Matthew). h.e. Calling of St. Matthew by Alexandre Bida, 1875. 3.1.1). [18] B. C. Butler, The Originality of St Matthew: A Critique of the Two-Document Hypothesis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951), 16566; Albright and Mann, Matthew, XXXVIXLVIII; Powers, Progressive Publication, 4749. 16:18) Mark and Luke were probably stunned by Jesus' inclusion of a hated tax collector in His Twelve. But Levis guests were of his social ilksinners and other tax collectors.The Pharisees (we get our word pharisaical meaning self-righteous; hypocritical from this sect in ancient Judaism) were always watching whatever Jesus did and said and they followed him to Levis house and were appalled to see Him eating and talking with tax collectors and sinners.Several of Jesus other disciples were near. Jesus asked him to be a *disciple (Matthew 9:9). [21] Krzinger, Papias, 1214, 2122, 5256; Gundry, Matthew, xxixxii, 61820; idem, Pre-Papian Tradition, 6364, 6768. Pet. Matthew (also known as Levi) doubtless was one of the tax collectors who responded to John the Baptist's call to repentance. [2] B. Christoph Markschies und Jens Schrter (Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck 2012), 62354. This is a depiction of a moment of spiritual awakening and conversion, which was something many Baroque artists were interested in painting, especially Caravaggio. F. C. Burkitt, Levi Son of Alphaeus. [23] They render the verb hermeneuein as meaning to mediate or to interpret rather than to translate.[24] Hence, Krzinger identifies the each one (hekastos) who interpreted according to their ability as the evangelists conveying oral Jesus traditions in a new literary medium;[25] Gundry takes the referent to be the expositors who expounded on Matthews text.

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